Video frame rate
How to Calculate Video Frame Count From Duration and FPS
Calculate total video frames from duration and frame rate, with worked examples for 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 50 and 60 fps.
4 min read
Plain Tools journal
Useful guides for everyday digital jobs
Straight answers, worked examples and practical tools for image files, calculations and online tasks.
Latest articles
Timecode conversion
How to Convert Timecode to Frames at 24, 25 and 30 FPS
Convert timecode to a frame number at 24, 25, 29.97 or 30 fps, with formulas, worked examples and a clear drop-frame explanation.
4 min read
Video file size
How Many MB Is a Video? File Sizes by Duration
Estimate how many MB a video uses from its length and bitrate, with reference tables for common settings and practical file-size checks.
4 min read
Playback time
Playback Speed Guide: Length at 1.25x, 1.5x and 2x
Calculate video or podcast length at 1.25x, 1.5x and 2x speed, with a time-saved table, formula and worked examples.
4 min read
Transcript cleanup
How to Remove Timestamps From a Transcript
Remove timestamps from a transcript without damaging speaker labels or text, with pattern examples, cleanup steps and verification advice.
4 min read
Music timing
BPM to Milliseconds: Formula and Reference Table
Convert BPM to milliseconds per beat or note value with the 60,000 divided by BPM formula, reference tables and tempo examples.
4 min read
Digital audio
Audio Samples to Seconds Explained
Convert audio sample counts to seconds using sample rate, with examples for 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz audio and guidance on rounding.
4 min read
Developer formats
Semantic Versioning: Valid SemVer Examples
Understand valid semantic version numbers, prerelease labels and build metadata with examples you can check against SemVer 2.0.0.
4 min read
City distance
How to Calculate Distance Between Two Cities
Calculate straight-line distance between two cities from latitude and longitude, and understand when road or flight distance will differ.
4 min read
Unicode cleanup
How to Remove Zero-Width Characters From Text
Find and remove zero-width spaces and other invisible Unicode characters while protecting normal text, emoji and useful formatting.
4 min read
Path matching
Glob Patterns Explained With Matching Examples
Learn glob pattern syntax for stars, question marks, character sets and recursive matching, with practical path examples and common mistakes.
4 min read
Storage planning
RAID Usable Capacity Explained
Estimate usable RAID capacity for common levels, then account for parity, mirrors, decimal drive labels, spares and filesystem overhead.
4 min read
Everyday math
How to Calculate a Percentage of a Number
Find a percentage of any number with the simple formula, worked examples and a quick percentage calculator.
4 min read
Everyday math
Percentage Change: Formula, Examples and Common Errors
Understand percentage increase and decrease, choose the correct baseline and check the result with a percentage-change calculator.
4 min read
Image conversion
How to Convert WebP to PNG for Editing
Convert a WebP image to PNG for editing, transparency or compatibility while keeping the original file safe.
4 min read
Text cleanup
How to Remove Duplicate Lines from Text
Clean pasted lists, keyword sets or exported text by finding and removing repeated lines with clear comparison rules.
4 min read
Storage units
MB vs GB vs GiB: What Is the Difference?
Understand decimal and binary storage units, why device displays vary and how to convert GB to GiB without guessing.
4 min read
Subtitle formats
How to Convert SRT Subtitles to VTT
Convert SRT captions to WebVTT for HTML video while checking headers, timestamps, cue order and readability.
4 min read
Print preparation
How to Check Image DPI and Print Size
Calculate printed dimensions from pixels and DPI, understand effective resolution and prepare a photo for reliable printing.
4 min read
Household budgeting
How to Split Rent Fairly by Room Size
Use private room dimensions to suggest a transparent rent split, then account for shared areas and separate household costs.
4 min read
Subtitle data
How to Convert SRT Subtitles to CSV
Turn subtitle cues into CSV rows for spreadsheet review, timing checks and caption reporting without copying every timestamp by hand.
4 min read
Writing tools
How to Count Words and Characters in an Essay
Count words, characters, sentences and reading time in an essay while allowing for differences between apps and submission rules.
4 min read
Kitchen conversions
How Many Milliliters Are in a Cup?
Convert US cups to milliliters for cooking and baking, with notes about metric cups, liquid ingredients and sensible rounding.
4 min read
Number systems
How to Convert Hexadecimal to Decimal
Convert hexadecimal numbers to decimal by hand, understand 0x notation and verify programming values with a quick calculator.
4 min read
Image formats
JPG vs PNG for Websites: Which Image Format Should You Use?
Compare JPG and PNG for website photos, logos, screenshots, transparency, image quality and page speed, with practical conversion options.
7 min read
Image conversion
How to Convert PNG to JPG Without a Black Background
Learn why transparent PNG files can turn black when converted to JPG and how to replace transparency with a clean white background.
6 min read
Private image tools
How to Reduce Image File Size Without Uploading It
Compress and resize an image privately in your browser without sending the file to a remote server, then compare quality and download size.
7 min read
Photo printing
4×6 Photo Size in Pixels at 300 DPI (and Other Resolutions)
A 4×6 inch photo at 300 DPI is 1200×1800 pixels. See dimensions for other print resolutions and learn how cropping affects the result.
6 min read
World time
Why the Time Difference Between Two Cities Can Change
Understand why city time differences shift during daylight saving changes and calculate the correct current offset for calls and travel.
7 min read
Email images
How to Resize a Photo for Email Without Ruining the Quality
Resize a photo for email by choosing sensible pixel dimensions, preserving aspect ratio and comparing compression before attaching it.
6 min read